Not taking medication or taking it incorrectly are frequent causes of episode recurrence. Although it is possible that during the natural course of the illness individual patients may get well without any medication, the challenge is that it is impossible to identify or determine beforehand who those fortunate patients are. The new term may apply to either episodes of mania with additional symptoms of depression or the opposite, episodes of depression with additional symptoms of mania.
The overall idea is that the presence of both symptoms of mania and depression can exist at the same time. Symptoms of mania include elated or irritable mood, decreased need to sleep or racing thoughts.
Symptoms of depression can include depressed mood, impaired sleep and feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness. Outcomes are always better when there is a strong family support network. Think of bipolar disorder as any other severe medical condition. However, also note that in many severe psychiatric conditions, patients may not be aware that they are ill. They may minimize the severity of their condition.
The result of these factors may be that patients will not follow through on their treatment. In very severe cases, there may be instances of a lack of behavioral control where family members may not be able to look after their loved ones.
For children, the same is true except they have to experience both for at least a year to be diagnosed. The mania and depression in this disorder are usually less severe than that of bipolar 1 or bipolar 2.
Cyclothymic disorder causes unstable moods, meaning you may have periods of normalcy mixed with mania and depression. Treatment will depend on which type of bipolar disorder you have, and what your symptoms are. Medications that may be used include:.
At Boston MindCare, our doctors offer a unique treatment option when nothing else has worked. Ketamine infusion therapy can help the symptoms of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
It works by inhibiting glutamate in your brain to stabilize your mood. Symptoms of mania include: Difficulty sleeping Extreme energy Increased self-esteem Difficulty concentrating Racing thoughts On the opposite end of the spectrum, depression can change your emotional highs to hopeless lows.
If you have bipolar disorder with depression , symptoms you may experience include: Fatigue Sadness Decreased energy Overeating or loss of appetite Suicidal thoughts Our team at Boston MindCare take a detailed history to decipher your symptoms and give you a definitive diagnosis.
Types of bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder is a condition that affects your brain and your mental health. Bipolar 1 This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by manic episodes, with or without depression symptoms.
Bipolar 2 Bipolar 2 disorder is characterized by having both manic and depressive episodes. Cyclothymic disorder In cyclothymic disorder, you experience both manic and depressive episodes for two years or longer. What are your treatment options? In the most populous country in Africa, Nigeria, recurrent mania is considered as the rule and not the exception. This diversity of results is probably due to the use of different criteria for the definition of the disorder number of episodes, duration of follow-up, etc.
The high incidence of unipolar mania found in our study can be explained by the differences in the expression of bipolarity between the West and the rest of the world. One of these factors is the photoperiod and seasonality. Sunlight and latitude could be determinant factors in the expression of thymic states. We noticed that countries in where mania was predominant were those having a greater ambient sunlight.
Another suggestion can be advanced and consists on the fact that nutritional habits in Mediterranean countries that are rich in omega-3 and dopaminergic nutriments could protect patients from developing depressions.
Concerning the sociodemographic and clinic profile, patients with unipolar mania did not present significant differences in various parameters apart from the suicide profile. Both the two groups were comparable at the sociodemographic characteristics age, sex, professional and unmarried status but also at the clinical aspect age on onset, duration of the disease, number of hospitalizations, addictive behavior, seasonal and psychotics characteristics, rapid cycling.
The studies conducted by Dakhlaoui et al. This reinforces our results. Yet, three parameters were found significantly different in the study of Dakhlaoui et al. While unipolar group had their first episode in summer, the bipolar group started its disease in winter. These three parameters were not different in our groups of study.
However, other studies have found significant correlation between unipolar mania and some variables such as the female gender, the earlier age at onset, the number of episodes, the occurrence of psychotic symptoms.
This can be explained by the occurrence of depressive episodes that are characterized by the emergence of ideas of death related to pessimism and despair. It is important to point out the limits of our study. First, the retrospective nature of our study can be a recall bias. Collecting data from medical files does not allow meticulous examination of the course of the trouble.
The number of participants is still reduced and interests only our psychiatric department. Furthermore, depressions with moderate intensity may have been underreported. In conclusion, unipolar mania appears to be clinical evidence in our socio-demographic context. And the unipolar manic profile accounted for Many other studies confirmed this finding, especially in tropical and Mediterranean regions.
European and American studies does not find similar results as for them, this entity is still contested. Withal, our study raises questions about the place and functions of the inseparable mania of depression and may lead us to reconsider the nosological and psychopathological foundations of mood disorders. Some hypotheses are advanced to explain this variety in the expression and the course of BD.
Yet, further studies are still needed to explore this side of the disease. The authors would like to acknowledge the participants of this study. This is a non funded study. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
Journal List Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci v. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. Published online May Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Abstract Objective Unipolar mania is a clinical reality in our daily practice. Methods We conduct a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study including patients, followed for bipolar disorder type I, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition criteria, during the period between January and December Results One hundred seventy three patients were included in the study.
Conclusion Our study shows that unipolar mania is clinical evidence. Keywords: Unipolar mania, Bipolar disorder, Recurrent mania.
Data Collection Data were collected from interviews with patients and their medical records using to pre-established questionnaire exploring sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic charactarestics. Incidence of Unipolar Mania According to recent studies, we defined unipolar mania as the presence of three or more manic states without a depressive episode during the period of the study.
Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample. Open in a separate window. Table 2 Different definitions and prevalence of unipolar mania in literature. Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile of Unipolar Mania Concerning the sociodemographic and clinic profile, patients with unipolar mania did not present significant differences in various parameters apart from the suicide profile.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the participants of this study. Les troubles bipolaires. Cachan: Lavoisier; Kraepelin E. Leipzig: von Barth Verlag; Leonhard K. The classification of endogenous psychoses. Muneer A.
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