In years following the Cuban war, Salsa became a fascination point with numerous American jazz musicians who incorporated Latin styles into their performances. By the end of the 1st decade of the 20th century, Cuban musicians and promoters started creating and distributing the first radio recordings of Salsa songs. These songs quickly found their way to the U. Confronted with the new and exciting Latin music style, American record labels and radio promoters quickly coined the new term "salsa.
During the s, an explosion of Latin music sounds started spreading all across Central and South America, leading to the development and popularization of modern forms of tango, mambo, flamenco , and several other kinds of music and dance styles.
During that time, nightclubs in never-sleeping Havana even more increased their focus on popular Salsa and provided an incredible variety of new sounds to the neighboring United States who were enforcing Prohibition.
With an increased influx of American tourists in Cuba, Salsa quickly traveled back to the United States and several other countries of the western hemisphere. By the end of the s, Salsa and several different Latin music styles become widely popular on U.
The peak of salsa popularity in the United States happened during the s. Fueled by the influx of Dominican and Puerto Rican workers to the continental U. Salsa's early popularity in the United States is closely tied to one specific dancing venue - Palladium Ballroom.
Located on the corner of 53rd Street and Broadway in New York City, this second-floor dance hall became home to many Latin musicians and immigrants who practiced and popularized several dances from their homeland.
Around this time, Latin musicians began to have an impact on mainstream U. Latin music was becoming trendy here and beginning to intrigue the rest of the world as well. Both types of salsa remain popular today and with the popularity of the music, came the popularity of the dance. The key instrument that provides the core groove of a salsa song is the clave. It is often played with two wooden sticks called clave that are hit together.
For salsa, there are four types of clave rhythms, the and Son claves being the most important, and the and Rumba claves. Most salsa music is played with one of the Son claves, though a Rumba clave is occasionally used, especially during Rumba sections of some songs. There are other aspects outside of the Clave that help define Salsa rhythm: the cowbell, the Montuno rhythm and the Tumbao rhythm.
The cowbell is played on the core beats of Salsa, 1, 3, 5 and 7. The basic Salsa rhythm is quick, quick, slow, quick, quick, slow, in other words, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7, which are very similar to the beats of the cowbell. Recognizing the rhythm of the cowbell helps one stay on Salsa rhythm.
The Montuno rhythm is a rhythm that is often played with a piano. The Montuno rhythm loops over the 8 counts and is useful for finding the direction of the music.
By listening to the same rhythm, that loops back to the beginning after eight counts, one can recognize which count is the first beat of the music.
Tumbao is a rhythm in salsa that is played with the conga drums. Its most basic pattern is played on the beats 2,3,4,6,7, and 8. However, the historical development of timba has been quite independent of the development of salsa in the United States and Puerto Rico and the music has its own trademark aspects due to the Cuban Embargo and strong Afro-Cuban heritage. It came into use as a music genre name, first as timba brava, around Historically, Casino traces its origin as a partner dance from Cuban Son dancing, and its rhythmic body motions from Afro-Cuban Rumba heritage.
Son is considered an older version and ancestor to Salsa. Son is danced on delay measure upbeat contra-tiempo following the clave Son Clave whereas Casino is usually danced on the downbeat break of 1 or 3 a-tiempo. Casino was popularized in the late s as the Cuban Son received upbeat and quicker arrangements by musicians. Casino has a very independent development, free from external influences such as Puerto Rican and North American dances partly due to the effect of the Cuban Embargo.
Cuban-style salsa, also known as Casino, is popular in many places around the world, including in Europe, Latin America, North America, and even in some countries in the Middle East. Dancing Casino is an expression of popular social culture; Latin Americans consider casino as part of social and cultural activities centering around their popular music. The origins of the name Casino are derived from the Spanish term for the dance halls where a lot of social Salsa dancing was done in Cuba during the midth century and onward.
In order to speak of the antecedents of the Rueda de Casino it is necessary to go back to the reign of Luis XIV in France where the first ballets appeared. In order to have a good title it was necessary to know certain choreographies that were performed in the celebrations of the nobility. Clear examples: the Minuet and the Contradanzas. In the XVIII century, with the presence of French fleets in the bay of Havana, the arrival of emigrants of Louisiana, New Orleans and fundamentally the French emigration coming from Haiti with the revolution produced the appearance in Cuba of the French Contradanzas and derived from this the Cuban Contradanza arises.
The court of Luis XIV, the Creole aristocracy, Spanish and including the town interpreted the dance with pre-planned figures that all had to know and directed by a bastonero.
There have been contradiction between the informants of the place where casino fist appeared. From here, salsa began to take on an unexpected boom.
The great musicians continued to add new rhythms and musical instruments, such as the trumpet, violin, flute or charanga among others. However, it was not until the late s and early s that the name salsa began to emerge as a musical genre. It is since then when Latin music is represented by this genre, reaching in the first place a notable repercussion in the United States. This process was carried out in a very curious way: Izzy Sanabria , graphic designer at the Fania All Stars studios, brought together all the rhythms of Cuban origin that had until then been under the same name.
The intention was to eliminate confusion and be able to sell the concept much better. In this way, the term it used to agglutinate all these dispersed sounds was salsa , a meaning with which bands were encouraged to increase energy during performance. Thus, and taking into account what has been seen so far, it can be said that salsa, as a set of a series of rhythms and styles , was born in Cuba but it was in the United States where it was mainly developed and launched all over the world.
It is often said that the main influence of salsa is the Cuban son. Once salsa was defined as a musical genre in the s, the movements and steps of its dance were collected through a f usion of the African with the European.
These steps and movements of salsa fundamentally reflect the influence of the dances that the Africans brought to the Caribbean and the European dances that have been danced in Cuba since the s. Salsa actually has a basic step that is common to all styles.
But each of these styles has its own way of dancing and executing the steps. The origin of these variants is in the regions where this style comes from, which are the ones that developed each dance, always under the same umbrella of the term salsa. It is not surprising, then, that salsa is defined as the result of a series of social conditions and the evolution of a series of rhythms and melodies from Cuba , which were developed and achieved repercussion in the United States.
There are those who assure against this mixture that salsa is neither a rhythm nor a style, but rather a term that serves to represent all the music of Afro-Cuban origin that emerged in the first decades of the twentieth century. In short, the origin of salsa has always been, and will continue to be, much discussed. It can be found all over central and south America, some islands of the Caribbean, and many places in the United States. When did it all come together, and where did it all start?
While some will say Puerto Rico ; others will say Cuba. Either way, both have had a tremendous influence on salsa music and dance for more than years. Cuba is actually the home of modern salsa. Its roots are from eastern Cuba and it made its way to Havana around the turn of the 20th century.
Puerto Rican musicians have made tremendous contributions to what is today known as salsa, culminating in the height of its popularity in the s with the New York-style salsa on the Fania label.
At present, there are many different forms and styles of both salsa dance and music.
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