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Term » Definition. Word in Definition. Freebase 0. How to pronounce 15th century? Alex US English. David US English. Mark US English. Daniel British. Libby British. Mia British. Karen Australian.
Hayley Australian. Natasha Australian. Veena Indian. Following a joint invasion into Prussia, the armies met in the plains near Grunwald and a fierce battle broke out. Many leaders of the Teutonic forces were killed or captured and they were never able to recover the power and knights lost. The battle remains one of the most important events in Polish and Lithuanian history. This gave the court justification to execute her on the basis of relapse.
She was burned at the stake two days later. Goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg invented the first printing press around , along with a type case with letterboxes, a hand mold, and oil-based ink.
The combination enabled the beginning of the Printing Revolution, as printing presses could produce upwards of pages each workday in comparison to just 40 by hand-printing. This enabled the circulation of new information and ideas globally, mass-producing books and creating the first newspapers.
By the end of the century, hundreds of cities were involved in the revolution. One of the earliest books printed by the printing press is known as the Gutenberg Bible, a page version that sold under copies across Europe and greatly influenced future versions of the Bible. The Fall of Constantinople perhaps signals the end of the Medieval period, resulting in the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottomans took around seven times as many attackers as Constantinople had defenders and removed nearby Byzantine strongholds. It is thought that the migration of Byzantine scholars contributed to the development of the Renaissance, particularly in humanism and science. In the fifteenth century, a series of civil wars broke out over the throne of England, fought between the House of York and House of Lancaster of the royal House of Plantagenet. A red rose represented the House of Lancaster while a white rose represented the House of York.
While Edward IV, of the House of York, claimed the throne in , battles broke out across the decades with neither side managing total victory. This resulted in many supporters abandoning the House of York for their rivals, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth. Christopher Columbus took three ships to find a shorter route to the Indies in but instead found the Americas. Columbus spent some time exploring land in the area and observing indigenous people, noting that the Arawak people had access to gold and their primitive weapons would make them susceptible to conquest.
Before leaving for home, Columbus founded a settlement and came into conflict with the Ciguayos people of the modern Dominican Republic. Columbus returned thrice to the Americas to conquer the land. If you want to support HistoryColored further, consider donating! When donating to us, you are providing us with funding to provide higher quality content on a more regular basis!
Read and learn about the life of the last Queen of France, Marie Antoinette. Find out about her early life, motherhood, style, and more! Test your knowledge on British History by answering 10 historical questions related to England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. By H L Noss February 21st, Share on facebook. Share on twitter. Share on reddit.
Go to Ptolemy ad 90— in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Maximilian, heir to Austria, weds Mary, heiress to Burgundy, in the first of the great marriage alliances which form the Habsburg empire.
A plot by the Pazzi family, with papal connivance, results in the murder of Guiliano de' Medici during high mass in Florence's cathedral. Ivan III subdues proudly independent Novgorod, removing the city's famous bell. Leonardo da Vinci takes a professional interest in the new science of fortification. Go to Leonardo da Vinci — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
The name of Constantinople changes to Istanbul, a word based on the everyday Greek name for the city. The Maravi Confederacy is formed by Bantu tribes and soon wins control over a large region between Lake Nyasa and the Zambezi.
Go to Bantu in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. An increase in trade through the central Sahara benefits the Songhay, with their capital at Gao, at the expense of Mali. Civil war between squabbling Swiss cantons is averted by the diplomacy of a hermit, Brother Klaus, at the Convention of Stans. Go to Edward V b. Richard III has himself proclaimed king by a parliament held at Westminster, and begins a short reign of only two years. The Portuguese establish a further presence on the west coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Congo river.
Go to Congo in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, captures Vienna and makes the city his capital. When the enlarged pyramid at Tenochtitlan is dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, the Aztec sacrifice of human victims lasts for four days.
Go to Simnel, Lambert c. The Fuggers make their first loan to a Habsburg archduke, beginning a profitable link with the dynasty. The Inca empire is extended to the north and a second capital is established at Quito. Boiardo publishes a romantic epic, Orlando Innamorato , about Roland's love for a bewitching princess. Bartolomeu Dias, sailing for the king of Portugal, becomes the first European navigator to round the Cape of Good Hope.
Leonardo da Vinci begins an unprecedented series of detailed anatomical drawings, based on corpses dissected in Rome. Venice's annexation of Cyprus completes a useful chain of islands stretching to the eastern Mediterranean. Savonarola, the new prior of San Marco, is a stern critic of both the pope in Rome and the Medici in Florence.
The king of France is among those supporting Perkin Warbeck, supposedly a prince from the Tower, in his attempt on the English throne. Go to Perkin Warbeck b.
A French privateer off the west coast of Ghana is the first to plunder a Portuguese vessel carrying home African gold.
Go to privateers in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed. The army of Ferdinand and Isabella besieges and takes the city of Granada, completing the long reconquest of Spain from the Muslims. Torquemada persuades Ferdinand and Isabella to expel from Spain all Jews about , who will not convert to Christianity. Rodrigo Borgia, elected pope as Alexander VI, already has four illegitimate children and possibly sires three more while pope.
The world's first globe is published by Martin Behaim without showing America, in the very year of Columbus' voyage. Go to Columbus, Christopher c. Columbus and his fellow explorers make landfall on the largest of the Caribbean islands, Cuba.
John I Albert summons the first recorded sejm , a parliament representing the whole of Poland. Columbus returns to Spain, landing at Palos with news of his great discoveries. On Topa's death his son Huayna Capac succeeds to the throne as Inca emperor. The Nuremberg Chronicle integrates text and pictures in an ambitious history of the world. In negotiations about the New World at Tordesillas, the king of Portugal insists on a new demarcation line which later brings him Brazil.
Piero de' Medici and his brothers flee from Florence, after a mob ransacks the Medici palace. The type faces known as roman and italic are created in Venice by the printers Nicolas Jenson and Aldus Manutius. Go to Jenson, Nicolas c. Diego Columbus, brother of the explorer, establishes the first secure Spanish colony at Santo Domingo. Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances.
Savonarola, in the carnival before Lent, urges the people of Florence to throw playing cards and lewd images on a great bonfire of vanities. Go to Cabot, John c. John Cabot, searching for a trade route to China, probably reaches Newfoundland.
The Florentine mob, weary of puritanism, attacks the convent of San Marco and drags Savonarola away to be hanged and burnt. Vasco da Gama reaches the southern coast of India, at Calicut, after sailing across the Indian Ocean from east Africa. Go to da Gama, Vasco c. The Swiss or Swabian War ends with the treaty of Basel, bringing effective recognition of Swiss independence from the Habsburg empire. The people of Benin begin a lasting tradition of sculpture in brass, melted down from objects brought by traders.
The lively realism of Kamal-ud-din Bihzad lays the basis of both the Persian and the Mughal schools of painting. Even the remote city of Machu Picchu, on its peak above the jungle, is built in the massively precise Inca style of masonry.
The first etchings are printed in Augsburg, from iron plates. Go to Augsburg in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Nanak, the first of the Sikh gurus, takes to the road as a wandering teacher. The first watches, made in Nuremberg, are spherical clocks about three inches in diameter, worn usually on a ribbon round the neck.
Go to clocks and watches in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance 1 ed. The first modern lock gates are installed on a canal in Milan, probably designed by Leonardo da Vinci. Faenza becomes the main centre for the production of the Italian tin-glazed earthenware known as majolica. Leonardo argues that fossils in rocks far above the sea imply not the effects of the Flood but a change in the level of an ancient sea bed.
The female mamakuna and the male yanakuna are selected in childhood to serve the Inca state. Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral, with a fleet of thirteen ships, makes landfall in Brazil. The Inca empire has about 25, miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of llamas.
The Portuguese establish trading posts in east Africa, on the coast of Mozambique. European diseases bring death on a massive scale to an American population that has no immunity. The Salic law, preventing inheritance of the throne by or through a woman, is by now accepted as a fundamental law of France.
In Cuzco's great temple, the sacrifices are usually of llamas, occasionally of humans. Ceramic artists in Italy decorate large majolica dishes with scenes of narrative history, giving this style the name istoriato. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice.
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